Showing posts with label All Stories. Show all posts
Showing posts with label All Stories. Show all posts

Saturday, September 26, 2020

Week 5 Microfictions: Two Anansi Stories... animated

One of the things about a 100-word story is that it can fit in a small space. Like a Google Slide! And you can set Google Slides to autoplay... so I decided to use a combination of bolding and repeated slides to create a kind of animation! I've embedded the slideshows here and set them to autoplay, but you can stop the play, restart, pause, etc. using the controls at the bottom of each slideshow. You can also advance the show manually at your own speed. :-)


Here's one story: Anansi and the Coconut (text and more about the story). You can also watch a full-screen version.


Here's another story: Anansi and His Grandmother (text and more about the story). You can also watch a full-screen version.


I'm going to publish this post now to make sure the embedding works, and go make another slideshow! :-)

Meanwhile, here's my evolving Anansi project


Sunday, September 20, 2020

Week 4 Microfiction: The Blue Jackal


THE BLUE JACKAL

There was once a jackal who fell into a vat of blue indigo dye. The other animals were amazed when they saw the blue jackal!
"The gods have sent me to be your ruler," the blue jackal explained. He made the lion his prime minister, the tiger was the royal treasurer, and the elephant was his doorkeeper.
One day, though, the blue jackal heard other jackals howling in the distance. He could not resist; he began howling too.
"He's just an ordinary jackal!" shouted the other animals.
So the lion and the tiger attacked their former king and killed him.

Blue jackals still howl like jackals.


Author's Note. In a previous microfiction, I used an African American Brer Rabbit story for the 100-word version, and then a 6-word version that was like a proverb, something that alluded to the story the way "the boy who cried wolf" alludes to a famous Aesop's fable. You can see that here: The Tug of War.

I really like how that turned out, so I decided to try it with a folktale from India that is one of my favorites: the story of the blue jackal comes from the ancient Indian Panchatantra, and you can read an English version by Arthur Ryder. There are more Panchatantra stories here: India.LauraGibbs.net.

In making the six-word version, I used "jackals" in the plural so that I didn't have to waste a word on the article (the blue jackal), but then, once I put it into the plural form, I liked that because it generalized to the idea that there are all kinds of blue jackals out there, metaphorically speaking: people who pretend to be something they are not.

Fun fact: the indigo dye that turned the jackal blue gets its name from India: indigo etymology.

Image Information: Fake Twitter made with Zeoob.

Saturday, September 5, 2020

Week 3 Microfiction: Noah and Canaan

One of the projects I am working on right now is finishing up a book of Sufi legends; you can see the collection of stories here: Tiny Tales from the Sufis. The book opens with a series of legends about characters from Islamic tradition who also appear in the Hebrew Bible and in Jewish legends. This particular story is about Noah and the Ark; in the Islamic tradition, Canaan was a son of Noah. You can learn more about Noah in Islam at Wikipedia. Below is a 100-word version and a 6-word version:


NOAH AND CANAAN

God flooded the whole earth.
Deep waters covered all the land.
Noah and his family were safe in the ark upon the waters, but Noah's son Canaan was trying to swim on his own.
"I won't get into Noah's ark!" he shouted.
Noah shouted back, "But I'm your father! Get into the ark!"
"You are my enemy. I defy you!" said Canaan. "I can swim! I'll swim to the mountain-top to find salvation."
"God is the only salvation!" replied Noah. "Get into the ark!"
"No!" said Canaan. "Never!"
And then a great wave smashed down upon Canaan, and he drowned.


Noah: Come!
Canaan: No!
Canaan drowned.


I made a poster too:





Bibliography. I relied on the English prose version of the Sufi poet Rumi in Tales from the Masnavi by A. J. Arberry, story 72 in the book. 

Image Information. The miniature is from Hafiz-i Abru’s Majma al-tawarikh.



Week 3 Story: Legends of Valmiki

Author's NoteThe oldest Sanskrit version of the Ramayana is attributed to the poet Valmiki, and he appears as a character in the story too (much like Vyasa, composer of the Mahabharata, also appears in that epic story). In addition to the events connected with Valmiki in the Ramayana, there are also legends about him. So, for this page, I decided to retell in 100-word form some of the stories about the poet Valmiki: one is from Narayan's Ramayana, and the others come from different sources. I was intrigued to see how Narada recurs from story to story! You can read more about both Valmiki and Narada at Wikipedia. I am curious what you think; my goal is to write a Ramayana composed all of 100-word episodes like this. :-)

~ ~ ~

Ratnakar the Robber

Ratnakar was a robber, supporting his family by theft and murder.
One day, Ratnakar had robbed a man and was about to kill him. 
"Stop!" said the man, who was the sage Narada in disguise. "Would your wife and children approve of this wicked deed?"
Ratnakar was surprised by this question and went to question his family.
"I support our family by robbery and murder," he told them. "Do you approve?"
"The crime is yours, not mine," said his wife.
Ratnakar's children said the same.
Ratnakar returned and set the man free, and then he renounced his life of crime.

~ ~ ~

Ratnakar Becomes Valmiki

After Ratnakar renounced his life of crime, he went into the depths of the forest to live a hermit's life. 
As he sat there, unmoving, deep in meditation, ants built an anthill around him. The anthill, "valmik"in Sanskrit, became his home. Plants wrapped their tendrils around him, and birds nested in his matted hair and beard. 
Meanwhile, he thought only of Brahman, the Cosmic Reality. "All is Brahman, all is God. All this Universe is Brahman, all that live and move and die." 
Years later, he awoke, enlightened, and emerged from the anthill.
That is how Ratnakar became Valmiki.


~ ~ ~

Valmiki Becomes a Poet

Two cranes, devoted to one another, lived by a river near the sage Valmiki's hermitage.
One day as Valmiki watched the couple mating, a hunter shot an arrow from the bushes. One of the cranes fell to the ground, dead, and his mate screamed in grief as she gazed at her beloved's blood-spattered corpse.
In anger and sorrow for the birds, Valmiki cursed the hunter in verse:
O Hunter, because you killed one of these birds
In the midst of their love, you will be infamous forever.

This was the first poem in the world, and Valmiki the first poet.

~ ~ ~

Valmiki Learns of Rama from Narada

The sage Narada once came to visit the sage Valmiki.
"I have an important question to ask you," said Valmiki.
"Ask!" replied Narada.
"Tell me who is the perfect man!" Valmiki said. "What man possesses strength and a sense of duty? Someone who is truthful and steadfast in his vows? Someone who is compassionate and wise, handsome and powerful, free from anger and envy but fearsome when he rouses to righteousness?"
"That rare person is Rama," replied Narada. "He was born in the lineage of Ikshvaku, the son of King Dasharatha..."
And Narada then told Valmiki the story of Rama.

~ ~ ~

The Ramayanas of Valmiki and Hanuman

Valmiki finally finished his Ramayana.
The goddesses and gods all praised his poem; Valmiki was proud.
But then Narada said, "Hanuman's is better."
Valmiki stared in disbelief.
"Go read it yourself! He lives in a banana orchard in the Himalayas, and he wrote his Ramayana on the banana-tree leaves."
Valmiki climbed the mountains to reach Hanuman's orchard, and there he read Hanuman's Ramayana on the leaves. 
"Hanuman's is better," Valmiki admitted, weeping.
Then Hanuman appeared. "Why are you weeping?" he asked.
Valmiki explained.
Hanuman grabbed the leaves and swallowed them.
"Now your Ramayana is the best," Hanuman told Valmiki, smiling.

~ ~ ~


Bibliography.

Ratnakar the Robber and Ratnakar Becomes Valmiki. Both of these stories appear in "Ratnakar, the Robber-Chief" by Shoshona Devi, in her book Indian Fables and Folklore. OpIndia has an interesting piece on this legend: Repeating this popular story about Maharishi Valmiki can land you in jail. The words on which Valmiki meditates come from the Chandogya Upanishad. In some versions Ratnakar is converted by Narada, in other versions by different holy men. There is also a variant where he chants "Ma Ra" which morphs into the chant "Rama" over time.

Valmiki Becomes a Poet. This is from the Bala Kanda of Valmiki's Ramayana. Here is a link to the Sanskrit of the verses that Valmiki spoke to the hunter; there's even audio you can listen to.

Valmiki Learns of Rama from Narada. This story is inspired by the version in the preface to The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose Version by R. K. Narayan.

The Ramayanas of Valmiki and Hanuman. I used the legend as told in Hanuman's Ramayan by Devdutt Pattanaik, with illustrations by Nancy Raj. Most versions have Hanuman writing his Ramayana into stones which he smashes or throws into the ocean in order to please Valmiki, but I like this version with the banana-tree leaves.



Thursday, August 20, 2020

Microfiction: The Tug of War

For this microfiction, I picked a little folktale that seemed like it could work as a 6-word story, so here is the 100-word version, and then the 6-word version:

Tug of War

"Help me pull my cow out of the mud," Rabbit said to Elephant.
"I'm glad to help!" Elephant replied.
"Pull when I give the command," Rabbit said, tying a rope around Elephant.
Then Rabbit said the same to Whale. Whale agreed, and Rabbit tied the other end of the rope around Whale.
Then Rabbit hid in the bushes between them and shouted, "PULL!"
Elephant pulled.
Whale pulled.
They were both amazed at how hard it was to pull the cow from the mud!
Finally Elephant pulled Whale onto the land, and they realized Rabbit had tricked them.
Rabbit just laughed.


Elephant pulled.
Whale pulled.
Rabbit laughed.


Author's Note. This is a famous African folktale which is told in the United States as a Brer Rabbit story and in the Caribbean as an Anansi story. This particular version is based on a Creole story about Rabbit (Compair Lapin): "5. Compair Bouki and Compair Lapin," in Louisiana Folk-Tales by Alcee Fortier (1895); online here. In that story, Rabbit plays another trick on Whale and Elephant afterwards, disguising himself as a deer. Throughout the story, Rabbit (Compair Lapin) is boasting to his friend Bouki about the tricks he is playing on Commère Baleine and the elephant (who is not referred to with a kinship title). Here's a version with Anansi: Anansi, Whale, and Elephant. And when I was trying to decide if "tug of war" should be hyphenated or not, I looked it up at Wikipedia: it has an article of its own there! Tug of war (not hyphenated).
The 6-word version really only makes sense if you know the folktale, so that makes the 6-word version kind of like a proverb, like the way "the boy who cried wolf" is a kind of miniature story assuming that you know how the story goes. I think for my microfictions this semester, I am going to try to find stories like this which can be told as very short stories and also turn into a proverb, like here where "Elephant pulled; Whale pulled; Rabbit laughed" refers to the way that a little guy can outsmart the two big guys by using a trick. 

Images: Elephant from Pexels, Whale from Pxhere, and Rabbit from Robobobobo at Flickr.



Wednesday, August 12, 2020

Pygmalion and the Woman of Wax

When you read the story of Pygmalion and the ivory statue, did you notice what Ovid said about the wax? As Pygmalion saw his beloved statue coming to life, the hard ivory became like wax: The ivory yielded to his touch, and lost its hardness, altering under his fingers, as the beeswax of Hymettus softens in the sun...

Well, here's what Ovid didn't tell you: wax was the best that Venus could do with that statue. In the name of love, the goddess brought the statue to life, and she softened the statue as much as she could: Pygmalion had a loving wife made of wax. Not flesh and blood. Wax. Sweet-smelling beeswax, soft and pliable. And since the best beeswax in the ancient world came from Mount Hymettus near Athens, that is what Pygmalion called his wife: Hymetta.

Because she was made of wax, Hymetta could not go out in the daytime; the hot sun of Greece would be sure to melt her. She could go out only at night, by the light of the moon.

Pygmalion was actually glad to have his wife stay at home. He had a low opinion of ordinary women, and he preferred for his precious Hymetta not to associate with those other women. Instead, the loving couple would take moonlit strolls through the garden at night, and Pygmalion would tell Hymetta the stories of the constellations in the sky. 

Hymetta's favorite story was about Andromeda and how the hero Perseus rescued her from the sea-monster. 

"That's so romantic!" she would sigh, smiling. Pygmalion was her hero, and she was happy with her life, strange though it was.

Eventually, as Ovid tells us, they had a son. When the boy was born, the parents discovered that he, like his mother, was made of wax. Pygmalion was a bit worried, but the baby was so beautiful and had such a gentle disposition that he loved his wax-son as if he were a real child of flesh and blood.

Thus Pygmalion the bachelor found himself with a family of wax: his wax-wife Hymetta, and his little wax-son, whom they named Paphos.

In many ways, raising their little wax-son was much easier than raising a child of flesh and blood. Paphos grew and grew, but he did not need food or drink. Somehow he just grew! He also did not suffer from any illnesses of any kind, nor did he feel any pain. As he ran and jumped and played roughhouse with his mother and father, he never hurt himself, and he never cried. Little Paphos had a happy childhood, as happy as any child could want. 

Like his mother, Paphos loved to go on moonlit walks with his father and hear the stories of the constellations. Most of all he loved to hear about the adventures of the great hero Hercules.

"I want to be a hero like Hercules too!" Paphos would say, and Pygmalion would just smile at him, while Hymetta stroked her son's wax hair.

As time went by, however, Paphos grew restless. His parents tried to make him sleep for most of the day, but sometimes he would awake and hear the sounds of other children playing outside, and he wanted to play with them. He asked hundreds of questions about the daytime world, and the more he learned, the more he wanted to go see the world for himself. Pygmalion took his son out at night, but this was not enough. "I cannot see in the dark!" little Paphos protested. "I want to see how things really look! I want to play with the other children! It's not fair!"

Then it happened. One day Paphos awoke around noon, and he crept outside without his parents noticing. It took only a few minutes for the boy to melt in the sun. He became a puddle of wax, nothing more.

When his parents awoke and could not find him in the house, Hymetta was frantic, and she ran outside to look for him, with no thought for her own safety.

"Wait!" shouted Pygmalion.

But Hymetta was already out the door, and then she saw the puddle of wax. "PAPHOS!" she shouted. But she was too late: Paphos had melted, and it took only a few seconds for Hymetta to melt in the sun there beside her son. By the time Pygmalion reached her, she was barely recognizable, and her last words were just a whisper: "I ... will ... stay ... with ... our ... child ..." 

As Pygmalion knelt beside his family, he prayed to Venus, and with a different prayer this time. "Let me stay with my wife and our child, O Goddess! Make me into wax also!"

The goddess again took pity on Pygmalion, and this time it was Pygmalion who underwent a metamorphosis: his flesh and blood and bones all turned into beeswax that mingled with the wax of his wife and their son. 

The goddess then appeared in a vision to the priestess of her temple there and told the priestess what had happened. The priestess came and gathered up the wax, and she shaped that wax into candles that burned in Venus's temple, illuminating the temple with the light of love.

Thus ends the story of the family of wax.

Author's Note. Yeah, I know: it's a downer. But at least Pygmalion turned out to be a good and loving person, right? Devoted husband, devoted father. In Ovid's story, he comes off as seriously creepy, and I wanted to tell something more sympathetic.

I got the idea for the wax family from the beautiful South African folktale about wax-children. Here's a version online: Children of Wax. So, I wrote my story as a sequel to Ovid's Pygmalion story, using the idea of a wax-child as my starting point, and then developing the story from there (wax-mother, and then Pygmalion becoming wax in the end too). In the African folktale, the children are wax (not the parents), and one of the wax-children insists on going out into the daylight. He melts, and the surviving children use his wax to make a magical bird, as you can see here in the illustration:


Bibliography. Ovid's Metamorphoses, translated by Tony Kline (2000). In the Anthology: Metamorphosis.


Saturday, February 29, 2020

Week 7 Microfictions: Stories of Hanuman

Here are some more tiny Ramayana stories, just 100 words each, focusing on the epic backstory as narrated in the Uttara Kanda of the Ramayana (more Uttara Kanda stories), plus additional stories from Philip Lutgendorf's book, Hanuman's Tale. 


Hanuman's Curse

Having received boons from the gods, Hanuman grew up to be a strong and fearless monkey. He was also mischievous! He would tease the sages of the forest, breaking their pots, tearing up their clothes and interfering with their sacrifices.
Finally the sages cursed Hanuman. "You will forget all your powers!" they shouted at him, and Hanuman no longer remembered the boons he had received.
It was not until he heard the words of King Jambavan years later, on the shore of the sea, that he remembered the supernatural abilities that allowed him to jump all the way to Lanka.


Notes. Jambavan reminds Hanuman of the story of his birth and great powers in Sarga 66 of the Kishkindha Kanda. Even today, mischievous Hanuman Langur monkeys cause all kinds of problems, especially in the cities like Delhi: Langurs of Delhi.

Hanuman and Surya

Young Hanuman sought wisdom. He learned all he could from books and wanted to learn more, so his parents sent him to Surya, the all-seeing Sun God.
Surya, however, remembered how baby Hanuman had once attacked him and refused. "I must travel all day; I don't have time to stop for lessons."
"I will run backwards, never stopping, so that I may learn from you," said Hanuman. So Surya became Hanuman's guru, and Hanuman's face was burned black.
After completing his studies, Hanuman wanted to give Surya a gift. "Look after my monkey son, Sugriva," said Surya, and Hanuman obeyed.


Notes. For the story of Hanuman's earlier attack on Surya, see The Birth of Hanuman. The gift that the pupil traditionally gives to the guru is called guru-dakshina.

Shiva and the Dancing Monkey

When the god Shiva heard that Vishnu had been born in human form, Shiva wanted to pay his respects. Shiva thus became a street performer, playing his drum while a monkey danced to the beat. Hanuman was that monkey.
The drummer performed for King Dasharatha and his family, and little Rama was enchanted by the dancing monkey. "Let me keep the monkey!" Rama pleaded, and so Hanuman became Rama's pet.
When Vishvamitra took young Rama away to fight the rakshasas, Rama told Hanuman to go to Kishkindha, where they would meet again later, for Vishnu knew what was to come.


Notes. There are many different legends that associate Shiva and Hanuman, thus weaving Shiva's presence into the story of Rama; this is one of those legends. It is not in Valmiki's Ramayana.

Hanuman and the Kite

One day, little Rama and his brothers were flying kites. Rama accidentally let go and his kite soared into the sky. "I will get it back for you," shouted Hanuman.
The monkey leaped up, grabbed the kite string, and then ran up the string. He ran and ran until he reached Indra's heaven. There he met Indra, and Indra's son Jayanta, and Jayanta's wife: Jayanti.
"That boy is very beautiful!" she said. "Who is he?" Hanuman explained that he was Rama, prince of Ayodhya.
Lusting for Rama, Jayanti later appeared on earth as Shurpanakha, ambushing Rama during his forest exile.

(kite)

Notes. Lutgendorf's account does not explicitly state that Jayanti becomes Shurpanakha, but he suggests that possibility, and I included it here. This story is not found in Valmiki's Ramayana, but there is a story about Jayanti's husband, Jayanta: he takes form as the crow that attacks Sita in the forest. The kite here is from a Makar Sankranti festival; you can read more about that festival at Wikipedia.

Rama and Hanuman in the Orchard

Rama, looking for food in the forest, found an orchard guarded by a ferocious monkey: Hanuman. They fought, and Rama knocked Hanuman unconscious.
When Shiva saw this, he grew angry. "How dare you!" he shouted, and so Shiva fought Rama. The fight went on and on.
Shiva's wife Parvati then told them to stop. "You are both part of the One!" she reminded them. "There is no need to fight."
Hanuman then regained consciousness and apologized to Rama. "My monkey-nature made me do it," he said.
Rama gladly embraced Hanuman, and so Hanuman, with Shiva's blessing, became Rama's devoted ally.


Notes. In the original story, Lakshmana came to the orchard first and Hanuman knocked him out; Rama then came looking for his brother. This is another one of the legends that associates Hanuman and Shiva; this story is not found in Valmiki's Ramayana. Parvati is Shiva's wife.


Bibliography.

Hanuman's Curse is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 36 and so is the story of Hanuman and Surya, although the story about the Sun is told only very briefly in Valmiki. I used Philip Lutgendorf's book, Hanuman's Tale, to expand on that part; it comes from story 6, Hanuman's Education.


The other stories also rely on Lutgendorf's book:

Shiva and the Dancing Monkey and Hanuman and the Kite are both from story 8: Playmate of Rama.
Rama and Hanuman in the Orchard is from story 9: Meeting Rama in the Forest.



Sunday, February 16, 2020

Week 6 Story: Tales of Ravana and Hanuman

Here are some more tiny Ramayana stories, just 100 words each, focusing on the epic backstory as narrated in the Uttara Kanda of the Ramayana; the stories included here are about Ravana (and his son Indrajit), and also about Hanuman. Here is a link to all my Uttara Kanda stories so far.


Meghanada Becomes Indrajit

Ravana's baby son had a voice like thunder, so they named him Meghanada (Cloud-Roar).
He became a great warrior, and in the war against the gods, he used a spell of darkness to make himself invisible. That is how he ambushed Indra and captured him.
"Your new name is Indrajit, Indra-Conqueror," Brahma told him. "And if you set Indra free, I will grant you a boon."
"Make me immortal!" said Indrajit.
"I cannot," said Brahma.
"Then make me even more powerful in battle and I will win my own immortality!"
And so Indrajit became an even greater warrior than before.


Notes. In the next chapter, Brahma tells the story of Ahalya, explaining to Indra that his crimes at that time led to his defeat in battle.

Ravana and the King of the Haihayas

Ravana was sacrificing to Shiva on a riverbank, singing and dancing in Shiva's honor.
Meanwhile, Kartavirya, Thousand-Armed King of the Haihayas, was relaxing in the river with his wives. As Kartavirya splashed, the waters rose and the flood carried away Ravana's offerings.
Enraged, Ravana fought with Kartavirya in a ferocious battle. Finally, Kartavirya knocked Ravana to the ground, and the gods watching from heaven rejoiced.
Ravana's grandfather Pulastya pleaded with Kartavirya to let Ravana go. Out of respect for the great sage, who was a mind-born son of Brahma, Kartavirya agreed.
Ravana was strong, but there is always someone stronger.


Notes. This episode covers several chapters, with the fight between Ravana and his ministers versus King Arjuna and his ministers told in elaborate detail. You can read more about Kartavirya Arjuna at Wikipedia.

Ravana and Vali

Ravana went looking for Vali, the monkey-king, wanting to fight him. He found Vali on the ocean's shore, engaged in worship.
He planned to sneak up on Vali from behind, but Vali grabbed Ravana and shouted, "Got you!" He then tucked Ravana under his arm and soared up into the clouds. Down below, the rakshasas saw their king struggling to get free. They chased Vali but could not catch him.
After flying around the world, Vali landed and let Ravana go.
"I want to be your friend, great monkey!" said Ravana.
Vali laughed and agreed; thus Vali became Ravana's ally.


Notes. Vali's wife Tara plays a role in the full version of the story because Ravana first goes to Kishkinda; Vali is not there, but Tara speaks with him and warns him that Vali is sure to defeat him.

The Birth of Hanuman

Kesari was king of the monkeys, and his wife was Anjana. Vayu the Wind-God gave her a child, but she wandered off and left the baby alone.
The little baby grew hungry, and when he saw the sun overhead he thought it was a mango, so he flew up into the sky, wanting to eat the mango.
The gods were amazed at the power of Vayu's son! Indra the Storm-God grew angry and struck the baby with a thunderbolt. The baby then fell down to the ground and broke his jaw; that is how he got the name Hanuman, Big-Jaw.


Notes. The complete story involves the eclipse-demon Rahu who is angry that Hanuman might get to eat the sun, but I did not have room to include Rahu here.

Hanuman and the Gods

Vayu picked up Hanuman and rocked the baby in his lap. Indra's attack on Hanuman made Vayu angry, so he stopped the air from moving. No one in the three worlds was able to breathe!
Brahma went to Vayu, and he healed Hanuman. Vayu then let the air move again so that everyone could breathe.
Next, all of the gods bestowed blessings on Hanuman. Indra gave him protection against thunderbolts, the Sun gave him radiance, Yama freed him from all sickness, and Vishvakarma made him invulnerable to weapons.
Satisfied, Vayu then carried Hanuman back to his parents, Kesari and Anjana.


Notes. In the next part of this chapter, there is a story about how Hanuman was cursed to lose all knowledge of these blessings; I'll start off with that story next time.



Bibliography.

Meghanada Becomes Indrajit is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 29.
Ravana and the King of the Haihayas is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 31-33.
Ravana and Vali is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 34.
The Birth of Hanuman and Hanuman and the Gods are from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 35.

The links here are to the Uttara Kanda translated by M. N. Dutt, which is available online, although I am using Arshia Sattar's translation as my main source.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

More Tiny Stories from the Uttara Kanda

Here are some more tiny Ramayana stories, just 100 words each, focusing on the epic backstory as narrated in the Uttara Kanda of the Ramayana (the final book which tells what happens when Rama and Sita return to Ayodhya along with a ton of backstory); here is a link to all my Uttara Kanda stories so far.


Ravana Battles Rama's Ancestor

Ravana defeated the kings of the earth, one after another.
He then marched on Ayodhya, where Aranyana was king.
King Aranyana led his mighty army into battle, but Ravana incinerated them all in a blast of fire, leaving only Aranyana alive.
Aranyana fought on, firing hundreds of arrows at Ravana, but Ravana's armor repelled them all.
Ravana then struck Aranyana on the head, knocking him to the ground.
As he lay dying, Aranyana cursed the rakshasa king. "An avenger will arise from Ayodhya!" he vowed.
Thus Anaranya's grandson Dilipa had a grandson Aja, whose grandson was... Rama, Prince of Ayodhya.


Notes. The complete line of descent is: Anaranya - Khatvanga - Dilipa - Raghu - Aja - Dasharatha - Rama.


Ravana Battles Yama

Ravana decided to conquer Yama, God of Death, so he rode his flying Pushpaka southwards into the Land of the Dead.
Yama's soldiers attacked Ravana, but he destroyed them all. Yama himself then rode forth to face Ravana, and Ravana's soldiers fled in terror.
Alone on the battlefield, Ravana and Yama fought fiercely for seven days and nights. Then, as Yama was about to strike Ravana with the Death-Hammer, Brahma appeared.
"Halt!" he shouted. "Ravana won my blessing; no god can kill him, not even the God of Death."
So Yama vanished, and Ravana declared himself the Conqueror of Death.

(Yama)

Notes. The original text is full of great details about this battle between Yama and Ravana.


Ravana Consoles Shurpanakha

Ravana brought the widows of his enemies with him to Lanka; they would be his new concubines.
His sister Shurpanakha was also a widow. "My husband died in battle," she screamed, "pierced by your own arrow! I am now a widow, brother, and you are now my enemy."
"Calm yourself," said Ravana. "I hurl arrows in every direction when I fight. Accidents happen. I will honor you with gifts! Take Dandaka forest to be your own; go feast on the humans you find there, and forget your troubles."
So Shurpanakha went to the forest, where she found... Rama and Sita.



Notes. The Thai Ramakien offers a more detailed account of Vidyutjihva's death; here's a summary: Totsakan told his nephew Chiuha to guard Longka. But Chiuha fell asleep after wrapping his tongue around the city to hide it. Totsakan was angry when he could not find the city; he threw his discus in the air and it cut through the tongue, so Chiuha drowned in his own blood. Samanakha was furious that her husband was dead.


Ravana Stops Indrajit's Sacrifice

While Ravana was away at war, his son Indrajit stayed in Lanka, performing rituals to obtain weapons and mantras from the gods. His guru Shukra explained how to perform the sacrifices, and his uncle Vibhishana encouraged him. In this way Indrajit had won an everlasting quiver of arrows and the tamasi spell of darkness.
As Indrajit was about to complete another sacrifice, Ravana returned. "Stop this at once!" he shouted. "How dare you worship my enemies?!"
Indrajit thus obtained great weapons and power, and he would have obtained even more... if Ravana had not put a stop to his sacrifice.


Notes. You can read more about Shukra at Wikipedia.


Ravana Rapes Rambha

One night Ravana found Rambha wandering in the woods; she was a beautiful apsara, and Ravana burned with lust. He grabbed her and whispered, "How lucky for you we have met!"
Rambha protested. "You are my elder, my in-law; Nalakubara, your nephew, is my husband. Let me go!"
But Ravana did not listen, and he raped Rambha that night.
When Rambha told Nalakubara what Ravana had done, he cursed his uncle. "If you ever touch another woman against her will, your head will split into seven pieces."
That is why Ravana had to seduce Sita; he could not force her.


Notes. Nalakubara is the son of Ravana's half-brother Kubera; for more about Kubera, see Wikipedia.


Bibliography.

Ravana Battles Rama's Ancestor is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 19.
Ravana Battles Yama is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 21 and 22.
Ravana Consoles Shurpanakha is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 24.
Ravana Stops Indrajit's Sacrifice is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 25.
Ravana Rapes Rambha is from Uttara Kanda: Sarga 26.

The links here are to the Uttara Kanda translated by M. N. Dutt, which is available online, although I am using Arshia Sattar's translation as my main source.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Yet More Stories of Ganesha

This is my final set of Ganesha microfictions! You can see the earlier Ganesha stories and More Ganesha stories.

13. Ganesha and the Moon

Ganesha returned home after Kubera's feast, riding his mouse.
The mouse jumped when it saw a snake, and Ganesha fell off. His stomach split open, spilling food onto the ground.
Ganesha then grabbed the snake to use as a belt while he stuffed the food back into his stomach.
The moon, meanwhile, was watching and chuckled. "You look funny!" he said.
Ganesha angrily cursed the moon. "Disappear into darkness!"
The moon begged for mercy.
"I can't undo the curse," said Ganesha. "But you will return from darkness into the light and back again."
The moon still does this even now.


Notes: This story is also an explanation for the snake-belt that Ganesha wears; there are other stories about the origin of his snake-belt. For example, in some versions about the fire-demon that Ganesha swallows, Shiva wraps his snake around Ganesha trying to alleviate his stomachache.


14. Ganesha and Vishnu's Conch-Shell

The Valampuri Shankha (conch-shell) belongs to the god Vishnu.
But one day Vishnu could not find the Shankha anywhere. "Who has taken my conch shell?" he shouted.
Shiva suspected that Ganesha might have taken the conch shell. "Pray to Ganesha fervently," said Shiva, "and I am sure he will return the Shankha to you."
Vishnu found Ganesha, and he noticed that his trunk was pointing to the right. And there, to Ganesha's right, he saw his conch-shell.
Vishnu prayed to Ganesha and made offerings.
Vishnu's puja pleased Ganesha, so he returned the Shankha. That is the origin of Valampuri-Shankha Ganesha.


Notes: This story explains the "conch-shell" form of Ganesha, where the god is shown with his trunk pointing to the right; the shape resembles that of a conch shell like the one which Vishnu carries: Shankha.



15. Ganesha and the Cat

One day little Ganesha found a cat in the woods. He grabbed her tail, and then he let the cat go and chased her. The poor cat ran straight into a mud puddle.
Ganesha laughed at the cat covered with mud. He then went home to tell his mother Parvati what had happened, but when he got there, he saw she too was covered with mud!
"Who did this?" asked Ganesha.
"You did," Parvati explained. "I am all life, and all life is me."
Ganesha bowed his head. "I will treat all life with respect from now on," he vowed.


Notes: You can read more about the goddess Parvati, Ganesha's mother, at Wikipedia.


16. Ganesha the Bachelor

Because of his strange appearance, Ganesha could not find a bride. No one wanted to marry him.
This made Ganesha jealous! In his anger, he ordered the rats to dig holes in the road wherever a god was on his way to get married. The rats dug so many holes and the holes were so deep that none of the gods could reach their brides.
To appease Ganesha, Brahma created two beautiful brides for him: Riddi (wealth) and Siddhi (perfection).
Ganesha was married at last, and he no longer troubled the other gods as they journeyed to their own weddings.


Notes: You can read about Ganesha's consorts at Wikipedia.


17. Ravana and Ganesha

To reward his devotion, Shiva gave Ravana the Atma-Linga. This Linga would endow Ravana with superhuman powers, but wherever he set it down, the Linga would stay forever.
To reach his home in Lanka, Ravana walked thousands of miles without putting the Linga down. He was almost home, but wanted to perform his prayers.
Then he noticed a young cowherd. "Hold this for just a minute!" he said.
The boy agreed, but when Ravana came back, he saw Ganesha, and he saw the Linga planted in the ground. Ganesha had thwarted Ravana's plan!
You can still see the Linga there.


Notes: You can read more about the Atma-Linga at Wikipedia in the article about Murdeshwar, home to the Murdeshwar Temple. You can also learn more about the Shiva Linga.

... And those are all the stories in the online booklet of Ganesha stories!


Sunday, February 9, 2020

Week 5: More Stories of Lord Ganesha

Below are more 100-word versions of stories from this online booklet of Ganesha stories, and here are all 3 of my "tiny Ganesha" posts.



7. The Demon Lobhasura

Kubera, god of wealth, lusted after the goddess Parvati. She glared at Kubera angrily, which terrified him. His fear gave birth to Lobhasura, a demon who had no fear of anything and who was greedy for everything.
Lobhasura tormented all the inhabitants of the three worlds. He even evicted Shiva from Mount Kailash.
The gods and people prayed to Ganesha to save them, so Ganesha manifested as Gajanana, the invincible elephant, one of Ganesha's eight avatars.
When Lobhasura saw Gajanana, he finally felt fear and ran away, terrified.
That is how Ganesha freed the three worlds from the demon Lobhasura.


Notes: In the traditional version, the gods go to sage Raibhya, who prays to Ganesha to manifest as Gajanana, and then a god (Shiva or Vishnu) goes to tell Lobhasura about Gajanana, and the mere report of Gajanana's existence makes him surrender. For compression, I left Raibhya out.


8. Ganesha and Gajamukha

Gajamukha was a wicked asura. He worshipped Shiva for years until Shiva granted him a boon. "Make me invincible to all weapons!" demanded Gajamukha.
Gajamukha then conquered the people and the gods, commanding them to worship him, and only him.
The gods fought back, attacking Gajamukha with arrows, spears, swords, clubs... nothing worked.
Ganesha then broke off a tusk and stabbed Gajamukha, wounding him badly. Gajamukha turned himself a mouse, but Ganesha sat on him, crushing the asura beneath his weight.
When Gajamukha begged for mercy, Ganesha forgave him, and so Gajamukha  became the mouse that Ganesha rides even now.


Notes: There is also a very different story about a musician-god named Krauncha who was cursed to become a mouse; that story is not in this book, but I'll include it here:


9. Ganesha and Krauncha

The musician-god Krauncha once stepped on a sage's foot by accident. He apologized, but the angry sage cursed him to become a gigantic mouse! Krauncha begged for mercy, but the sage could not take back his curse. As compensation, he promised that someday even the gods would bow to Krauncha.
The giant mouse stepped on the sages' ashrams, crushing their homes with his feet.
Finally, Ganesha used his lasso to catch Krauncha, who begged for mercy. Ganesha agreed and made Krauncha his vahana.
This fulfilled the sage's promise: when the gods bow to Ganesha, they are also bowing to Krauncha.

Notes: The sage who cursed Krauncha is Vamadeva.



10. The Elephant Head of Gajasura

Some say that Ganesha's elephant head once belonged to Gajasura, the Elephant-Demon.
Gajasura worshiped Shiva with such fervor that Shiva granted him any wish.
"I wish to consume you!" said Gajasura, so Shiva thus disappeared into Gajasura's stomach.
No one knew where he was, except Vishnu. To rescue Shiva, Vishnu appeared before Gajasura as a flutist.
"Your music is enchanting!" declared Gajasura. "Name your reward."
"Is there anything beyond your power?" Vishnu asked.
"Nothing is beyond my power!" shouted Gajasura.
"Then release Shiva!" demanded Vishnu.
Shiva emerged, and Gajasura offered his head and his skin to Shiva as a gift.


Notes: In some versions, Shiva's bull Nandi accompanies Vishnu, dancing to Vishnu's music.


11. Ganesha and the Durva Grass

The fire-demon Analasura could shoot flames from his eyeballs, destroying anything he gazed upon. He attacked humans and gods alike, and even expelled Indra from heaven, proclaiming himself king.
The gods begged Ganesha to save them, so Ganesha disguised himself as a child, small and quick enough to escape Analasura's fireballs.
Analasura then attempted to swallow Ganesha, but Ganesha enlarged himself so that he swallowed Analasura instead.
This gave Ganesha a terrible stomachache; nothing could cool the heat in his belly.
The wise sage Kashyapa then offered Ganesha some durva grass, and when Ganesha ate the grass, he was cured.


Notes: Durva grass, Cynodon dactylon, is also known as Bermuda grass; you can read more at Wikipedia. This grass is still used as an offering to Ganesha, usually in the form of 21 shoots of grass. There are various stories that explain why durva grass is offered to Ganesha; this is just one of them.


12. Kubera's Feast

Kubera invited Shiva to a feast. "The best feast ever!" he boasted.
To teach Kubera a lesson, Shiva sent Ganesha in his place.
Ganesha ate all the food, and then asked, "Can't you offer me more?"
Kubera brought food from the kitchen. Not enough. From the pantry. Not enough. "Can't you offer me more?"
Finally, Kubera went to Shiva and begged for help.
"Food served with love is truly filling," said Shiva.
So Kubera brought Ganesha a handful of rice. "I offer you this food with my whole heart," said Kubera.
Ganesha took the rice. "I am satisfied," he said.


Notes: Kubera is the god of wealth; you can read more about him at Wikipedia.

~ ~ ~

There are just five more Ganesha stories in the booklet, and I'll do those next time!

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Stories of Lord Ganesha

As an extra credit reading experiment this week, I read this PDF booklet online, Stories of Lord Ganesha, and from the 17 stories, I looked for the ones that I thought could be told in just 100 words each, as part of my ongoing 100-word experiment!
Update: I finished retelling all the stories in the booklet, and here are all three of my "tiny Ganesha" posts.


1. Ganesha is Born
To keep watch while she bathed, the goddess Parvati created a boy, Ganesha, from sandalwood-balm. "Stand guard here," she told Ganesha. "Admit no one."
Her husband, Shiva, arrived, demanding to see his wife.
"No," said the boy, obeying his mother's orders. "She's bathing."
Enraged, Shiva cut off the boy's head.
"What have you done?" shrieked Parvati. "That was my son!"
Shiva sent his servants to bring back the head of the first creature they encountered, which was an elephant. So they brought back the elephant's head, which Shiva placed on Ganesha's body.
That is why Ganesha has an elephant's head.


Notes: In the original story, Ganesha supposedly gets his name from the ganas, who are the servants of Shiva, so Ganesha is "Lord of the Ganas." That play on words is hard in English, so I just had Parvati call him Ganesha from the start.



2. Eleven Days of Holiday

Parvati and Shiva lived on Mount Kailash, high in the Himalayas. Sometimes, though, Parvati visited the earth below, staying with Bhudevi, the Earth-Goddess.
One time when Parvati was visiting Bhudevi, Shiva grew especially lonely, so he sent Ganesha to go bring her back. "Tell your mother I miss her," he said to Ganesha.
The goddesses gladly welcomed Ganesha, and he spent eleven happy days with them. Then he remembered his mission. "Please come home," he said. "Shiva is lonely."
Parvati agreed and returned to Mount Kailash.
Ganesha's visit to earth is remembered with eleven days of celebration during Ganesha Chaturthi.

Notes: You can read about the holiday of Ganesha Chaturthi at Wikipedia. Here is a photo of the celebrations by Thejas Panarkandy at Flickr:




3. The Race around the World

Shiva and Parvati had two sons, Ganesha and Kartikeya. The gods brought a divine fruit for the wisest son. Who would it be? Shiva told the boys to race around the world three times. "Who wins the race gets the fruit!"
Kartikeya was confident; the peacock was his vehicle, and he himself was strong and fast. Ganesha was slow and fat, and his vehicle was a little mouse.
Kartikeya zoomed away at top speed.
Ganesha, however, walked three times around his parents. "You are my world," he said.
Ganesha won the prize, and even Kartikeya had to admire his wisdom.


Notes: This is how Ganesha won his divine title of vighnaharta, obstacle-remover. There is currently a television show in India called Vighnaharta Ganesh.


4. Ganesha and Shiva's Chariot

There were once three asuras who built three fortress-cities called Tripura: one of iron, one of silver, and one of gold. These asuras would attack the gods and then retreat behind their city walls.
The gods turned to Shiva for help. He agreed to ride forth to fight the demons, but he forgot to offer prayers to Ganesha, the God of Beginnings. In his anger, Ganesha broke the axle of Shiva's chariot, bringing him to a halt.
Shiva realized his mistake and offered prayers to Ganesha, who then repaired the axle, allowing Shiva to ride forth and conquer the demons.

Notes: This story is associated with various temples in India, including the Aksheeswaraswamy Temple of Acharapakkam in Tamil Nadu, India. There is much more to the stoyr of Shiva and the Tripura; you can read more at Wikipedia. You can also read about Shiva's chariot and the Tripura in this comic book: Tripura: The Three Impregnable Cities of Maya.



5. Ganesha's Broken Tusk

The sage Vyasa needed a scribe for his poem, the Mahabharata.
"Will you write while I recite?" Vyasa asked Ganesha.
"Only if you do not pause," said Ganesha.
"I agree," said Vyasa, "provided you stop writing if you don't understand something."
Vyasa began reciting, and Ganesha began writing. But then Ganesha's pen broke! To keep going, he tore off a tusk to use as a pen.
When Vyasa was tired, he would recite a complex verse that made Ganesha stop and think. That way Vyasa could rest, and then continue.
It took three years to write down the whole Mahabharata.


Notes: The Mahabharata is indeed very long! You can find out more at Wikipedia: "At about 1.8 million words in total, the Mahabharata is roughly ten times the length of the Iliad and the Odyssey combined."



6. Ganesha and the River Ponni

India has seven sacred rivers. One is the river Ponni, also called Kaviri. She rises in Karnataka and flows southeast to the Bay of Bengal.
When the sage Agastya traveled from north to south, he encountered this river. "Follow me!" he said, but she refused.
Agastya grew angry at the river and trapped her in a pot.
The gods and people missed the river's waters, so Ganesha disguised himself as a crow and perched on top of the pot. When Agastya waved his arm to chase away the crow, he knocked over the pot and set the river free.


Notes: There are other variations on this story that involve the god Shiva, much as Shiva is part of the story of Ganga's origins. The way that the river refuses to follow Agastya comes from that version of the story; the PDF booklet I am working with here did not say exactly how the river managed to offend Agastya.

~ ~ ~

... That was really fun, so I will continue with this next week. That is a little over half of the booklet; it has 17 stories total. So far, I was able to turn each story into a little 100-word story: a couple of them were tricky, but I was able to trim them down. I hope I made good choices! :-)